15 Oct 2026
Millions of drivers could benefit from quicker journeys and less time stuck in traffic under plans to unlock private investment for major road projects, as the Highways Financing Bill returns to Parliament today for its second reading (15 October).
Aiming to take pressure off taxpayers, the Bill will create a new funding model to help get projects like the Lower Thames Crossing built by bringing in private investment and will mean the general public aren’t footing the bill.
The Second Reading comes as construction works have started north and south of the river Thames for the Lower Thames Crossing. The largest tunnelling machine in Europe has been ordered to help deliver this phase of the project.
The Lower Thames Crossing will improve journey times, reduce congestion, improve connectivity for cars and freight and drive economic growth. The Crossing aims to ease pressure off the Dartford Crossing and will connect Kent and Essex with twin tunnels beneath the River Thames.
This will not lead to unregulated tolls. Thanks to the Bill, the ORR will determine balanced and transparent caps for tolls. LTC is currently the only confirmed project expected to use the new financing model.
Roads Minister Justin Madders said:
"For too long, drivers have been stuck in traffic while vital road upgrades have been delayed.
“By bringing in private investment, hardworking taxpayers won't be left footing the bill through higher taxes, while major schemes like the Lower Thames Crossing can finally move forward. That means less congestion, quicker journeys and a boost for jobs and growth across the country."
Matt Palmer, Lower Thames Crossing CEO, said:
“With construction underway and Europe’s largest tunnelling machine on order, we’re making real progress in building the Lower Thames Crossing.
"The Bill reaching its Second Reading is another welcome sign of momentum on this is vital project that will unlock economic growth and make everyday journeys easier for millions of people by tackling the chronic congestion at Dartford."
RHA Director of Policy & Public Affairs, Declan Pang said:
"We are pleased to see the Government taking action to deliver the Lower Thames Crossing. Reliable and resilient road infrastructure is essential for the road haulage and coach industry, supporting the efficient movement of goods and passengers across the country.
"We will be interested in how the proposals develop and how the new framework operates in practice. Any new approach to financing major road projects must carefully consider the implications for freight operators, alongside the benefits of improved capacity and reduced congestion."
Alex Duke
Press Officer
Alex.Duke@dft.gov.uk
Who will be able to invest?
The Bill creates a framework allowing private companies to invest in road schemes. Although the companies are yet to be confirmed, the most likely investors would be:
Will this mean more road tolls in England?
Road tolls will remain rare and these powers will only be used in exceptional circumstances.
The vast majority of roads in England are toll-free, and we have no plans to change that.
Although a toll will be used on the Lower Thames Crossing, we're protecting drivers to make sure they're not paying high costs to get from A to B.
The Bill will ensure that the Lower Thames Crossing is not fully funded by the taxpayer, and the remainder of construction, operations and maintenance will be paid for by private investment and its road users.
Won’t this just lead to unregulated tolls?
No, this won’t lead to unregulated tolls. We’re doing all we can to protect taxpayers' pockets.
The regulator has powers to make sure any tolls under this legislation are fair, balanced and transparent.
A licence holder, which would be the private sector company that would be granted the opportunity to fund, construct and operate major road projects, would not be able to introduce new tolls without permission and any tolls introduced under this legislation will be independently regulated.
The ORR will determine balanced and transparent caps for tolls depending on how much funding private investors have put into the Lower Thames Crossing.
How long will this last?
Taxpayers (who are currently financing the delivery of Lower Thames Crossing through government funding until 2028) will no longer be required to fund it, with private investment completing the construction in the mid 2030s.